Reference list using the SLU Harvard style

Podcast, radio and TV program

Include, if available: 

• Title of podcast/program series  
• Year
• Title of episode  
• [Podcast] / [Radio program] / [TV program]
• Producer or publisher of the program
• Date the episode was broadcast
• Link
• [Access date]

The reference is written as follows:  

Title of podcast/program series (Year). Title of episode. [Medium]. Producer or publisher of the program, date of episode broadcast. Link [Date]

In-text citation:

(Sommar 2008)

(Vetenskapens värld 2010)

(The sustainability agenda 2022)

In the reference list:  

Sommar (2008). Dolph Lundgren. [Radio program]. Producer: Helena Groll. Sveriges Radio, P1 July 19. 

Vetenskapens värld (2010). Världshavens försurning. [TV program]. Sveriges Television, SVT 2 March 15. 

The sustainability agenda (2022). Episode 155: Art curator and critic Hans Ulrich Obrist discusses the role of art in climate communications and activism. [Pod cast]. Executive producer: Fergal Byrne, June 29. https://www.thesustainabilityagenda.com/podcast/episode-155-art-curator-and-critic-hans-ulrich-obrist-discusses-the-role-of-art-in-climate-communications-and-activism/ [2022-10-21]

Video  

Include, if available:  

• Author
• Year
• Video's title
• [Video]
• Link
• [Date] when you viewed the video

The reference is written as follows: 

Author (Year). Title. [Video]. Link [Date]  

In-text citation:  

(United Nations 2018) 

In the reference list:

United Nations (2018). Do you know all 17 SDGs? [Video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XTBYMfZyrM [2022-10-21] 

If the book is part of a series of books you can choose to include information about series and serial number in the reference, you then put them in parenthesis right after the book title. This is however optional. 

If the book is published in several editions, then include edition in the reference. 

If you make a verbatim quote, or want to highlight something, you should include page number in the text reference, example: (Campbell 2018:59).  

Book (monograph)

A book that is a monography deal with the certain topic (instead of a wide range of topics) and has the same author(s) for the whole book.  

Include, if available: 

• Author(s)
• Year
• Title: subtitle
• Edition (if more than one)
• Publisher
• Persistent link

The reference is written as follows: 

Last name(s), First name(s) initial. (Year). Title: subtitle. Edition, Publisher. Persistent link 

In-text citation:

(Campbell 2008)

(Hirons & Thomas 2017)

(Opperman et al. 2017) 

In the reference list:

Campbell, N.A. (2008). Biology. 8 edition, Benjamin Cummings. 

Hirons, A.D. & Thomas, P.A. (2017). Applied Tree Biology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118296387 

Opperman, J.J., Moyle, P.B., Larsen, E.W., Florsheim, J.L. & Manfree, A.D. (2017). Floodplains: Processes and management for ecosystem services. University of California Press.

Chapter in a book 

If the book has chapters written by different authors, it is called an anthology. If you want to cite a chapter in this kind of book, include the following, if available: 

• Chapter's author(s)
• Year
• Chapter title followed by "In:"
• Book's editors
• Book title: subtitle  
• Edition (if the book has been published in several editions)
• Publisher
• Page numbers
• Persistent link

The reference is written as follows: 

Last name(s), First name(s) initial. (Year). Chapters Title. In: Editors(s) last name, Editor(s) first name initial. (ed.)/(eds) Book title: subtitle. Edition, Publisher. page number-page number. Persistent link 

In-text citation:

(Schwarz 2018)

(Ellingson et al. 2018) 

In the reference list:

Schwarz, W. (2018). Semantic possibility. In: Ball, D. & Rabern, B. (eds)  The science of meaning: Essays on the metatheory of natural language semantics. Oxford Scholarship. 361-380. 10.1093/oso/9780198739548.001.0001 

Ellingson, E.K., Hokanson, S.C. & Bradeen, J.M. (2018). Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière). In: Warrington, I. (ed.)  Horticultural reviews, volume 46. John Wiley & Sons. 227-253. 

Book (anthology)

If you want to cite a whole anthology with chapters written by different authors, you cite the editors: 

In-text citation:

(Ball and Rabern 2018) 

In the reference list:

Ball, D. & Rabern, B. (eds) (2018). The Science of Meaning: Essays on the Metatheory of Natural Language Semantics. Oxford Scholarship Online. 10.1093/oso/9780198739548.001.0001

Conference lectures, articles and abstracts are usually published in a conference publication. It can be a book, a supplement or even a number in a journal, or published by the conference itself. 

Include, if available: 

• Author
• Year
• Title
• Editor(s)
• Title of conference publication (if it is a specific conference publication)
• Name of conference, date and location
• Page/article number/abstract number
• Link
• [Access date], if link is not a persistent link

Depending on the type of publication the reference can be written differently, see examples below.   

Proceeding in a conference publication that is a book

Might be published by a publisher or by the conference. Cite as to a chapter in a book, but add name of conference, location and date. 

In-text citation:

(Muller 1998) 

In the reference list:

Muller, P. (1998). Space-Time as a Primitive for Space and Motion. In: Guarino, N. (ed.)  Formal Ontology in Information Systems, Proceedings of the First International Conference (FOIS’98) June 6-8, Trento, Italy. 63-76 

Proceeding in a conference publication that is a journal issue

Cited the same way as to other journal articles. Usually you don’t add information about the conference in these cases, but if you choose to add the conference name our recommendation is to do it within square brackets after information about pages. 

In-text citation:

(Piikki & Söderström 2019) 

In the reference list:

Piikki, K. & Söderström, M. (2019). Digital soil mapping of arable land in Sweden - Validation of performance at multiple scales. Geoderma, 352:342-350 [7th Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping, June 27-July 01 2016, Aarhus, Denmark]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.049 

Conference proceeding on a web page

In-text citation:

(Söderström et al. 2016) 

In the reference list:

Söderström, M., Stadig, H., Martinsson, J., Piiki, K. & Stenberg, M. (2016). CropSAT – A public satellite-based decision support system for variable-rate nitrogen fertilization in Scandinavia. The International Conference on Precision Agriculture July 31-August 4 2016, St Louis, Missouri USA. 1964 https://www.ispag.org/proceedings/?action=abstract&id=1964 [2019-03-14] 

Data citation means to refer to a published set of research data in the same way as, for example, bibliographic references to journal articles, reports and other publications.  

Include, if available: 

• Source (Primary researcher and/or institution)
• Year
• Title of dataset
• Data archive
• Version
• Persistent link

The reference is written as follows: 

Last name, first name initial. Name of institution (Year). Title. Data archive. Version nr. Persistent link 

In-text citation:

(Snäll et al. 2018)

(Oakley et al. 2017) 

In the reference list:

Oakley, C.G., Savage, L., Lotz S., Larson, G.R., Thomashow, M.F., Kramer, D.M. & Schemske, D.W. (2018). Data from: Genetic basis of photosynthetic responses to cold in two locally adapted populations of Arabidopsis thaliana. Dryad Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h2c0c

Snäll, T. & Mair, L. (2018). Species distribution modelling data for Phellinus ferrugineofuscus. Swedish National Data Service. Version 1.0. https://doi.org/10.5879/ECDS/2017-03-23.1/1

Include, if available: 

• Author
• Year
• Title: subtitle  
• Diss. (dissertation)/Lic. diss. (licentiate dissertation)
• University where dissertation is submitted (is only included if it is not the same as the publisher)
• Publisher (add the university were the dissertation was submitted if no publisher is specified)  
• Persistent link

The reference is written as follows: 

Last name, First name initial. (Year). Title: subtitle. Diss. University. Publisher. Persistent link. 

In-text citation:

(Bröjer 2012)

(Saifi 2004)

In the reference list:

Bröjer, C. (2012). Pathobiology of avian influenza in wild bird species. Diss. Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. https://res.slu.se/id/publ/79031 

Saifi, B. (2004). The sustainability of Swedish agriculture in a coevolutionary perspective. Diss. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.

Encyclopedia

Shorter entries in encyclopedias often lack an author. If this is the case, add the entry word in your in-text citation and the name of the encyclopedia (in italics) as the author in the reference list.  Longer articles can be signed, i.e. have a clearly named author –  cite these types of sources as a chapter in a book.    

Include, if available: 

• Source (author or encyclopedia)  
• Year
• Title
• Page number (if applicable)
• Publisher
• Link  
• [Access date]

Example of short entries:

In-text citation:

According to FASS Ivermektin is … (FASS Djurläkemedel n.d.) 

In the reference list:

FASS Djurläkemedel (n.d.) Ivermektin. https://www.fass.se/LIF/substance?userType=1&substanceId=IDE4POFCUAWB7VERT1 [2019-04-02]

Examples of signed articles:

In-text citation:

(Asakura & Kaplan 1994)

(Kil & Shin 1999) 

In the reference list:

Asakura T. & Kaplan D.L. (1994). Silk production and processing. In: Arntzen Charles J. & Ritter, Ellen M. (eds). Encyclopedia of Agricultural Science Volume 4. 1-11. Academic Press Inc
 
Kil, D.H. & Shin, F.B. (1999). Sonar target recognition. In: Webster John G. (eds). Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/047134608X.W5407

Wikipedia

Use the site’s persistent links when you cite an entry in Wikipedia. Wikipedia calls it a permanent link, and you find it in the left-hand sidebar under tools when you are in the entry you want to cite.  

Include, if available: 

• Source (author or encyclopedia)  
• Year
• Title
• Persistent link

The reference is written as follows: 

Source (Year). Title. Persistent link  

In-text citation:

(Wikipedia 2022)

In the reference list:  

Wikipedia (2022). Old-growth forest. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old-growth_forest&oldid=1102054903

• How to cite pictures, figures, tables and maps

Laws and regulations  

Swedish laws and regulations are presented in the Swedish Code of Statutes (SFS). They are arranged chronologically according to their SFS number, which consists of the year and a serial number, e.g. 1998:808. In addition to the SFS, there are specific collections of statutes containing laws and regulations related to a particular authority, such as Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's code of statutes (Naturvårdsverkets författningssamling, NFS) and the Swedish Board of Agriculture's code of statute (Statens jordbruksverks författningssamling, SJVFS).  

Include, if available: 

• SFS/Code of statute name, and number
• Title  

The reference is written as follows: 

Code of statute name number. Title.

In-text citation:

Provide the SFS number and title when you reference in the text. Include the full title of the law the first time it is mentioned; thereafter, you can use the SFS number. To refer to a specific part of a law, indicate the chapter and any relevant section. 

In the reference list:  

SFS 1998:808. Miljöbalken. 

SFS 2013:1059. Förordning om kontroll av ekologisk produktion. 

SJVFS 2004:32. Utfärdande av pass för sällskapsdjur. 

EU-documents (regulations, directives etc.)

Further guidelines to cite EU-documentation can be found in the Interinstitutional Style Guide: 

• Interinstitutional Style Guide of the Publications Office of the European Union  

Include, if available: 

• Title
• Unique document number  
• Persistent link  

The reference is written as follows: 

Title (Unique document number). Persistent link  

In-text citation:

According to the Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases and amending and repealing certain acts in the area of animal health (‘Animal Health Law’) there seems to… 

In the reference list:

Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases and amending and repealing certain acts in the area of animal health (‘Animal Health Law’) (EUT L 84, 31.3.2016, 1–208). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32016R0429

Government publications

Government publications refers to various documents and publications produced by the government, parliament, authorities, and municipalities. This can include minutes, motions, propositions, investigations, etc. 

Include, if available: 

• Author/Source, e.g. institution publishing the document
• Publication year
• Title  
• Edition (if more than one)
• Series
• Publisher

The reference is written as follows: 

Author (Year). Title. Edition. (Series name year:number). Publisher.

In-text citation:

(Djurtransportutredningen 2003) 

(Arbetsmarknadsutskottet 2003) 

In the reference list:

Arbetsmarknadsutskottet (2003). Utgiftsområde 13 Arbetsmarknad.(2002/2003:AU1). Sveriges Riksdag.

Näringsdepartementet (2017). Ny djurskyddslag. (Regeringens proposition 2017/18:147). Regeringskansliet.

SOU - Swedish Government Official Reports

The Government sometimes works with issues requiring a thorough examination. Once the investigation is complete it is published in the series called SOU (Statens Offentliga utredningar). It is a common type of government publication in Sweden. Each SOU has a unique identification number consisting of a year and a sequential number, e.g. SOU 2012:22.  

Include, if available: 

• SOU Year:Number
• Name of the investigation
• Title

The reference is written as follows: 

SOU Year:Number. Name of the investigation. Title.

In-text citation:

(SOU 2012:22)

In the reference list:  

SOU 2012:22. Rovdjursutredningen. Mål för rovdjuren.

• How to cite pictures, figures, tables, and maps

Newspaper articles are often published in weekly and daily newspapers. Popular science articles are often published in journals with a number of issues each year and are targeted towards a general audience with a special interest in the topic.  

Newspaper article

Include, if available: 

• Article author
• Year
• Title
• Newspaper's title  
• Date
• Link
• [Access date]

The reference is written as follows: 

Article author (Year). Title. Newpaper’s title, date. Link [Date] 

In-text citation:

(Robinson 2022)

In the reference list:

Robinson, H. (2022). Sustainable Fashion Week challenging industry's footprint. BBC News, 21 September. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-62650864 [2022-10-25] 

Popular science article

Include, if available: 

• Article author
• Year  
• Title  
• Journal title    
• Volume and number  
• Page number  
• Link
• [Access date]

The reference is written as follows: 

Article author (Year). Title. Journal title, Volume (Number), page number. Link [Date] 

In-text citation:

(Pollnow 2018)

(Arnold 2022)  

In the reference list:

Pollnow, M. (2018). Omgiven av idioti. Filter, (63).  https://magasinetfilter.se/granskning/omgiven-av-idioti/ [2019-04-04]

Arnold, C. (2022). Your cat can recognize your voice. Yes, really. National geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/your-cat-can-recognize-your-voice [2022-10-25]  

Include, if available: 

• Author (Author or institution publishing the document)
• Year
• Title
• [Pamphlet] / [Fact sheet] / [Flyer]
• Series  
• Publisher
• Link, if you read it online
• [Access date], if you read it online

The reference is written as follows: 

Author (Year). Title. [Pamphlet] Series. Publisher. Link [Date] 

In-text citation:

(European Environment Agency 2020)

(United Nations Environment Program 2018) 

In the reference list:

European Environment Agency (2020). What is pollution? [Infographic]. European Environment Agency. https://www.eea.europa.eu/signals/signals-2020/infographics/what-is-pollution [2023-04-28] 

United Nations Environment Programme (2018). Shared roads. Safe, sustainable, accessible mobility. [Brochure]. UNEP. https://www.unep.org/resources/factsheet/shared-road-safe-sustainable-accessible-mobility [2023-03-14] 

Personal communication also needs to be cited in your text. Examples of personal communication include interviews, phone calls, emails, and lectures. Remember to ask the person for permission before using the material and referencing them.

In the Harvard style, it is most common to cite personal communication through a footnote. There are significant differences between disciplines in how this type of source is handled, so consult your supervisor on how to reference it in your thesis.

In-text citation:

Svensson¹ says that…  

In the footnote:

¹Anders Svensson, teacher, SLU, lecture 2019-03-15 

Be aware that interviews and surveys that are a part of your empirical work is treated in another manner. Depending on the scientific discipline, this manner differs and it is therefore important that you ask your supervisor or teacher what is custom within your field.

Reports are often produced by universities, government agencies, local governments, companies and organisations. The format often follows a scientific structure. Cite it as a book and add information about series and persistent link. 

The reference format for reports includes information that makes it suitable for various types of sources.

Include, if available: 

• Author(s)
• Year
• Title: subtitle
• Series and report number
• Publisher
• Persistent link

The reference is written as follows: 

Last name(s), First name(s) initial. (Year). Title: subtitle. (Series Report number). Publisher. Persistent link. 

In-text citation:

(Kuns 2021) 

(Swedish Research Council 2019) 

(WWF 2015) 

In the reference list:

Kuns, B. (2021).  A review of recent social science literature on Swedish farming: A research agenda for understanding current and future challenges.  (Urban and rural reports 2021:1). Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. https://res.slu.se/id/publ/113110  

Swedish Research Council (2019). The Swedish Research Barometer 2019: The Swedish Research System in International Comparison.  (VR 1915). Swedish Research Council.  

WWF (2015). Lessons in climate smart policies: A framework for integrated low carbon resilient development. (WWF report, February 2016). WWF International.  

Some journals are only published electronically. Articles in these types of journals therefore have an article number instead of page numbers.   

Include, if available: 

• Article author(s)
• Year
• Title
• Journals' title
• Volume and number  
• Page numbers/Article number
• Persistent link

The reference is written as follows: 

Article author (Year). Title. Journal title. Volume (Number), Page numbers/Article number.  Persistent link  

In-text citation:

(Hawes 1993)

(Isoe et al. 2019)

(Likiti et al. 2023)

(Parker et al. 2019) 

In the reference list:

Hawes, D.K. (1993). Marketing tourism destinations: a strategic approach. Journal of travel research. 31, 74-75. 

Isoe, J., Koch, L.E., Isoe, Y.E., Rascón, A.A., Jr., Brown, H.E., Massani, B.B. & Miesfeld, R.L. (2019). Identification and characterization of a mosquito-specific eggshell organizing factor in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. PLoS Biology. 17(1), e3000068. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000068 

Likiti, O., Diko, G.R., Mubenga, O. & Monde, G. (2023). Cassava mosaic disease and abundance of its whitefly vector in north-western Democratic Republic of Congo. African Crop Science Journal. 31(4), https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v31i4.1

Parker, H.J., Bronner, M.E. & Krumlauf , R. (2019). An atlas of anterior hox gene expression in the embryonic sea lamprey head: hox-code evolution in vertebrates. bioRxiv. 571448. https://doi.org/10.1101/571448 

If possible, you should always refer to the original source, but sometimes this is not possible, and you are forced to cite a source that refers to the original source.  

You should include both sources in your in-text citation. Put the original source first, and the secondary source (the source you have read) after. In the reference list you should only include the secondary source.   

You write the reference for the secondary source according to the recommendations for its type of material. 

In-text citation:

(Gray, Toombs & Groos 2015 see MacDonald 2016) 

In the reference list:

MacDonald, C.M. (2016). “It Takes a Village”: On UX Librarianship and Building UX Capacity in Libraries. Journal of Library Administration, 57 (2), 1-21

If you have used a specific software in order to analyse and get a result, you have to cite it. The reference must include the version of the software or application you used. You do not need to refer to standard programs such as Excel, Adobe Photoshop, or Minitab. Always check with your teacher if and how it is acceptable to use AI tools in your work. 

Include, if available: 

• Source (person, organization or company etc.)
• Year
• Title of software/program
• Version
• [Software]/[Application]/[Code]
• Producer/Publisher, if different from information above about Source  
• Link
• [Access date] if link is not a persistent link  

The reference is written as follows: 

Source (Year). Title of software (version) [Software]. Producer. Link [Date] 

In-text citation: 

(Blondel 2019)

(GRASS Development Team 2019)

(OpenAI 2023)

(Zalar 2019) 

In the reference list:

Blondel, E. (2019). OpenFairViewer (1.0.1) [Code]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2574576 [2019-03-01] 

GRASS Development Team (2019). Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Software (7.4) [Software]. Open Source Geospatial Foundation. https://grass.osgeo.org/ [2020-05-15] 

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

Zalar, B. (2019). Timberlog – timber log volume calculator (5.0.3) [Mobile application].

SIS (Swedish standards institute) provides both national and international standards within different fields. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) develops international standards to ensure the quality, safety and efficiency of products, services and systems. Every standard has a title and a unique label including year of publication. Include the label in the title to make sure the version for the standard is clear. 

Include, if available: 

• Source
• Year
• Title
• Number  
• Publisher

The reference is written as follows: 

Source (Year). Title (number). Publisher 

In-text citation:

(SIS 2019)

(ISO 2019) 

In the reference list:

SIS (2019). SS-EN ISO 14090:2019 Adaptation to climate change - Principles, requirements and guidelines (ISO 14090:2019).  Swedish Standards Institute  

ISO (2019). ISO 14033:2019 Environmental management. Quantitative environmental information. Guidelines and examples. ISO  

These instructions apply to excerpts from a database, e.g. SCB or WHOSIS. If you are citing a published compilation of statistics, cite it as a report.  

Often when extracting statistics certain parameters are used. So, in addition to including information of where you have taken the statistics your reference should also include information about the used parameters. From SCB you get a persistent link to a website with a descriptive title, which makes it easier to find the statistics you have used. Because the link is persistent you do not have to add the date. If you extract statistics from other databases, or/and are unsure if the link is persistent or not, add the date for when you visited the website.  

Include, if available:  

• Source  
• Year
• Title
• Version or date for update  
• Publisher/database host  
• Link
• [Access date] if link is not a persistent link

The reference is written as follows: 

Source (Year). Title. (Version/date). Publisher. Link [Date] 

In-text citation:

(Statistical database 2022) 

(World Health Organization 2022) 

In the reference list:

Statistical database (2022) Formally protected nature by type of nature. Year 2021. (Updated 2022-05-24). Statistiska centralbyrån. https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/en/ssd/START__MI__MI0603__MI0603H/FormSkyddNatur/ [2023-05-17] 

World Health Organization (2022). Ambient air pollution. Exposure: country average. (Updated 2022-08-12). Global health observatory data repository. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.SDGPM25116v?lang=en [2023-05-17] 

Include, if available: 

• Author(s)
• Year
• Title
• Series and number
• University  
• Department/Programme
• Persistent link

The reference is written as follows: 

Last name(s), First name(s) initial. (Year). Title. (Series Thesis number). University. Department/Programme. Persistent link 

In-text citation:

(Grähs 2023)

(Littorin 2023)

In the reference list:  

Grähs, A. (2023). Oönskade beteenden hos häst i samband med sadling : en beteendestudie utförd på svenska ridskolor. Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. Etologi och djurskydd kandidatprogram. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-19184

Littorin, E. (2024). Unlocking Nutrient Accessibility through Sourdough Fermentation. (Molecular Science 2024:06). Swedish University of Agricultural Science. Agricultural Programme, Food Science. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-s-20019

When you cite a source that in not published, you add this information within square brackets in the reference, e.g. [Unpublished manuscript] or [Internal material].   

In-text citation:

(Andersson 2002)

(SLU Library 2020) 

In the reference list:

Andersson, B.C. (2002). Source of pollution in the ocean. [Unpublished manuscript]. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. Michigan: Michigan University 

SLU Library (2020). Annual report, 2019. [Internal material]. 

Websites

When you use material you have found on the internet it is important that you first of all find out what type of source it is. Is it for example a report or an article the reference should be written according to the instructions for those kinds of sources and not as a website. If the website does not have a year of publication use the abbreviation n.d. (meaning no date).   

Include, if available: 

• Source (Author/organisation/institution)  
• Year (when the website was updated last)  
• Title  
• Link
• [Access date]

The reference is written as follows: 

Source (Year). Title. Link [Date]

In-text citation:

(Architecture workroom Brussels n.d.)

(European Environment Agency 2023) 

In the reference list:

Architecture workroom Brussels (n.d.). Guide plan - Brussels Canal. http://www.architectureworkroom.eu/en/work/guide_plan_brussels_canal/ [2020-02-06] 

European Environment Agency (2023). Drivers of change: challenges and opportunities for sustainability in Europe. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/sustainability-challenges/drivers-of-change-challenges-and-opportunities-for-sustainability-in-europe-1 [2023-05-04] 

Blog post, forum and social media

Include, if available: 

• Source (Author/organisation/institution)  
• Year (when the website was updated last)  
• Titel of the post  
• Name of blog/forum  
• [Blog post] / [Twitter] / [Forum]
• Date for the post  
• Link
• [Date] when you visited the website

The reference is written as follows: 

Source (Year). Title of post. Name of blog/forum. [Blog post]/[Twitter]/[Forum]. Date for the post. Link [Date] 

In-text citation:

(New Scientist 2020)

(Thompson 2010)

(Tobella 2019) 

In the reference list:

New Scientist (2020). A lazy cave salamder didn't move from the same spot for 7 years. @newscientist. [Twitter]. 4 February. https://twitter.com/newscientist/status/1224679189053394944 [2020-02-06]

Thompson, M. (2010). 78% have experienced a vendor audit in the last year. The ITAM review forum. [Forum]. 2 December. http://www.itassetmanagement.net/2010/12/02/78-experienced-vendor-audit-year/ [2011-06-29] 

Tobella, A. B. (2019). Restoring degraded tropical landscapes with trees. SLU’s Global Blog. [Blog post] 6 May. https://blogg.slu.se/global-blog/2019/05/06/restoring-degraded-tropical-landscapes-with-trees/ [2023-05-17]