Bridging Beekeepers and Science: Navigating Information in a Digital Age

The study highlights the importance of education and best management practices in reducing colony losses, especially in the face of threats such as the varroa mite. However, communicating these best practices effectively to beekeepers remains a challenge. The study introduces a global survey conducted in 2020 to understand the sources of information used by beekeepers and the sources they prefer, and aims to bridge the gap between research and practice in beekeeping. Science-based information is ideally disseminated through communication channels that match the expectations and capabilities of the users of the information.

Worldwide survey

The study surveyed over 11,000 beekeepers worldwide, with the majority from Europe and very few responses from Africa. Most participants were male, with a median age of 55 and a range of educational levels. Three-quarters identified as hobby beekeepers, while others were part-time or full-time beekeepers.

The number of colonies per beekeeper varied widely, with hobby beekeepers owning fewer colonies than full-time beekeepers. Participants had diverse levels of beekeeping education, with beginner courses the most common.

Regarding information sources, beekeeping magazines were the most frequently used, especially in Europe, while Asian and Latin American beekeepers relied more on web media. Direct contact channels were favoured by Asian and North American beekeepers. Women tended to use direct contact more often, while men preferred web media.

Older beekeepers leaned towards traditional sources like beekeeping magazines and clubs, while younger beekeepers preferred web media. Preferences for information sources varied by beekeepers' age, experience, and education. Older and more experienced beekeepers preferred magazines and club-based information, while inexperienced beekeepers preferred mentorship. Education also influenced preferences, with beginners favouring clubs and mentorship, and professionals preferring national conferences and scientific publications.

Key findings and conclusions from the study include:

1. Demographic Patterns: Male beekeepers of older age with a high level of education were the primary respondents, consistent with typical patterns observed in beekeeping surveys.
2. Regional Differences: Beekeeping practices and information needs vary significantly across continents. Europe and North America have well-established beekeeping networks, whereas Asia and Latin America are relatively newer to beekeeping information and advisory services. Economic factors also shape beekeeping motivations, with beekeeping often serving as an income-generating activity in developing regions.
3. Tailor Communication: Effective communication strategies should take into account regional differences, the age, experience and education of beekeepers. In other words, researchers should understand and adapt to their target audience. A range of communication channels, including written information, web media, group contacts and direct contacts, should be used to reach a diverse audience.
4. Need for High-Quality Information: There is a significant need for high-quality information tailored to beekeepers' needs, particularly for less experienced beekeepers who are more vulnerable to misinformation. Any beekeeping infrastructure investments should focus on providing access to reliable sources of information, such as beekeeping magazines and quality web media platforms.
5. Challenges of Online Information: While online sources offer advantages such as rapid communication and networking, they also pose challenges due to variations in information quality and the spread of misinformation. Measures are needed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of online beekeeping information.
6. Future Trends: Beekeepers worldwide are expected to rely increasingly on digital technology and social media for information. However, concerns about information pollution and the need to adapt information to local contexts remain important considerations.
7. Building Bridges: Effective communication between beekeepers and scientists requires the establishment of multiple bridges between the two groups, using appropriate strategies tailored to local beekeeping needs and technical possibilities and to their development.

Conclusion

In summary, the study emphasises the importance of understanding regional differences in beekeeping practices and information needs, tailoring communication strategies accordingly, and ensuring the availability of high-quality, reliable information to support beekeepers worldwide.