Improving sow welfare in group housing systems

The transition from individually stalled to group housed gestation sows is an ongoing process in the pig industry in Europe. Piglet production is based on batch-wise production, where a group of sows are maintained over several parities. Eventually it is however necessary to recruit new gilts into these stable groups. Group housing has clear animal welfare benefits, e.g. offering sows freedom of movement and possibilities to display important species-specific behaviours, but the risk of the sows seriously injuring each other is also higher in these systems. Aggressive behaviour is an important component of normal social behaviour in pigs and especially important during the process of developing a hierarchy in a new group. However, fights after introducing replacement gilts into established sow groups often result in severe injuries, which sometimes leads to death or culling. This is thus not only a welfare problem for the sows, but also an economic problem for the producers when they are forced to remove the sows from production earlier than planned. The development of pigs' social ability and the occurrence of harmful aggressive behaviours are affected, for instance, of the animal's social environment during rearing and the genetic background of the pigs. The long-term objective of this project is to develop sustainable and commercially relevant rearing and breeding strategies aiming for gilts adapted for group housing sow production systems focusing on the welfare of the animals. We will investigate differences between breeds indirectly selected for group housed or individually stalled environments as well as effects of different social environments during rearing. We will study long and short-term effects on the development of gilts´ social ability, health, welfare, reproduction and production from birth until their second gestation. The results will be an important contribution to the next essential step in the development of group housed sow systems; using pigs genetically and behaviourally suitable for group housing.

Publications:

• Poster WAFL 2021 (virtual meeting): "Effects of gilts' and social experiences on reactions to unfamiliar pig"
• Presentation at EAAP 2020 (virtual meeting): "Effect of gilts’ breed and social experience on skin lesions at mixing into sow groups".
• Presentation at ISAE:s Nordic Winter Meeting, Tartu, Estland, 2020: "Rearing young Yorkshire gilts in different social environments - effects on social behaviourand time budget".
• Presentation at ISAE:s Nordic Winter Meeting, Tartu, Estland, 2020: "Maternal behaviour in gilts - The effect of genotype, social rearing environment and mixing after weaning"

Links to completed student works associated with the project:

• Gilts response in behaviour tests: investigation of differences between two genotypes - Anderberg, Anna, 2017.
• Difference in general behaviour and social interactions of young Yorkshire gilts in different social environments – Linda Mare Hannius 2019.
• Difference in health and behaviour between two different pig line crosses - Jessica Vahlberg 2019.
• Stress and meat quality in two lines of the Yorkshire pig breed: Swedish and Dutch - Andersson, Andreas, 2019.
• Differences in nursing behavior comparing Swedish and Dutch Yorkshire breeds - in nursing pens where the piglets have access to the sow and piglets in the neighbor nursing pen (In Swedish with English summary) - Isabel Lundahl, 2019.
• Effect of breed line and social environment during the nursing-period for piglet health and performance until 9 weeks of age (In Swedish with English summary) - Anna Olsson 2019.
• Maternal behaviour in gilts - The effect of genotype, social rearing environment and mixing after weaning. MSc Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands - Pascalle Roulaux, 2020.
• Long term effects on production performance of animal welfare improvement related to the social environment for piglets and sows. Camille Gruel, Project in Animal Science, 2021.
• Short term effect of early social experiences on reactions to unfamiliar pigs. Stina Emriksson, 2021.