Microbiota and genetic variation in reindeer calves: analysis of 16S and microsatellite data in relation to survival

Objective

The objective is to investigate the variation in oral and faecal microbiota in reindeer calves and analyse whether microbial composition and diversity are associated with genetic factors, sex, and survival.

Background

Gut and oral microbiota play a crucial role in immunity and nutrient uptake in ruminants. In reindeer calves, these systems are poorly characterized, especially in relation to survival in a semi-domesticated Arctic context. This project includes paired samples from the mouth and anus of 54 reindeer calves, collected during calf marking (June/July 2024), along with microsatellite genotypes, sex, and recapture data from autumn and winter – providing a rare opportunity to explore the potential importance of microbiota for survival.

Project description

Method

• 16S metabarcoding data from mouth and anus will be analysed using established tools (e.g., Phyloseq, vegan in R).
  
• Comparison of microbiota between individuals, sexes, and sampling sites.
  
• Microsatellite data will be analysed to estimate genetic variation (e.g., heterozygosity).
  
• Statistical analyses will include diversity measures, PERMANOVA, regression models, and correlation with recapture (survival) status.
  
• Optional exploratory analysis of "signature taxa" associated with survival.

Expected results

• Characterization of oral and faecal microbiota in young reindeer.
• Investigation of microbiota's potential role in survival and its association with genetic and phenotypic traits.
• Identification of microbial patterns linked to survival, contributing to better understanding of calf health in reindeer husbandry.

Specifications

Suitable for students of veterinary medicine, biology, animal science/agronomy or biomedicine.

Basic knowledge of bioinformatics and statistics is desirable.